Creating Engagement in Online Classrooms

In today’s digital age, online classrooms have become a staple in education, offering flexible learning environments for students across the globe. However, while the convenience and accessibility of online learning are undeniable, one of the biggest challenges educators face is maintaining student engagement. In traditional classrooms, engagement happens naturally through face-to-face interaction, real-time feedback, and spontaneous conversations, but in virtual environments, those elements can be harder to capture. So, how can educators ensure that students remain involved, motivated, and actively participating in their online learning experience?

Here are eight strategies for creating engagement in online classrooms:

1. Build a Connection Before You Build Content

The first step in generating student engagement online is to create a welcoming and interactive environment. While many educators begin the semester with introductory discussions to establish a personal connection, I encourage you to elevate your approach by incorporating an element of student input. Before the first day of class, send out a simple survey to gather feedback from your students. You can ask questions such as, “What do you like or dislike about online learning?”, “What has been your favorite collegiate assignment?”, and with an element of lightness, “What do you want to be when you grow up?”

Once you’ve collected the responses, take the time to review the results and use the insights to shape your semester. If you notice a trend, such as many students sharing a similar career goal or interest, tailor your examples, discussions, and assignments to reflect those themes. This personalized approach not only makes the course more relevant but also shows students that their input matters, fostering a stronger sense of connection and engagement.

2. Use Interactive Tools and Technology

There are a wide variety of digital tools available that can make online learning more engaging. From live polls and quizzes to interactive presentations and collaborative whiteboards, these tools can help keep students involved throughout the course. Platforms like Zoom, Google Meet, or Microsoft Teams have built-in features for virtual breakout rooms, which allow students to work in small groups and come back together to share their findings.

Other tools like Kahoot or Quizlet can gamify the learning process, encouraging friendly competition while reinforcing the material. Using such tools helps students feel more invested in the learning experience, rather than passively watching lectures.

3. Encourage Active Participation with Discussion-Based Activities

In an online classroom, it’s crucial to encourage active participation to prevent students from becoming passive learners. One of the most effective ways to do this is through discussion-based activities. Rather than relying solely on lectures, incorporate thought-provoking questions, group discussions, and assignments that apply to their everyday lived experiences.

When crafting discussion prompts, focus on making them fun, relevant, and stimulating. By encouraging students to analyze content in a way that allows them to share their perspectives, opinions, and personal experiences, you deepen their involvement in critical thinking and application-based learning. Additionally, as students interact with their peers, they begin to create a sense of community within the virtual classroom, enhancing both collaboration and engagement.

4. Break Content into Smaller, Digestible Chunks

Long lectures can be overwhelming, especially in an online setting where distractions are prevalent. To keep students engaged, break your content into smaller, more manageable chunks. This makes it easier for students to absorb information and helps prevent them from feeling overwhelmed, or let’s face it: bored.

Use multimedia, such as videos, podcasts, and infographics, to break up text-heavy lessons. Visual and audio content is more engaging and can help cater to different learning styles, ensuring that all students can access the material in a way that works for them. By varying the format of your content, you create an engaging experience that appeals to different senses and keeps students interested.

5. Integrate Real-World Examples and Pop Culture References

Connecting course material to real-life examples or current events can significantly enhance the learning experience, making it more interesting and relatable for students. When students can see the practical applications of what they are learning, they’re more likely to stay engaged and motivated. Incorporate experiential learning, case studies, or invite guest speakers from the industry to bring the material to life. You can also have students complete self-report surveys to demonstrate a method or concept, adding a personal touch to their involvement with the material.

In addition, tap into popular media—memes, reels, and trending platforms—to connect with students on a more familiar level. Consider what is currently relevant in both media and society. For example, during a spring semester Persuasive Communication course, the Super Bowl provides an excellent opportunity to analyze popular commercials from a scholarly perspective. Not only does this make the material timely and relevant, but it also encourages students to critically engage with content they encounter in their everyday lives, ensuring they remember and apply what they’ve learned the next time they’re faced with such content.

6. Provide Timely Feedback and Recognition

Feedback is a critical component of the learning process. In an online classroom, students often feel disconnected from instructors, making timely and constructive feedback even more important. When students receive feedback, they feel their efforts are acknowledged and gain clarity on areas for improvement.

Consider offering both individual and group feedback. Personalized feedback helps students track their progress and understand their strengths and areas to develop, while group feedback can address common challenges faced by the class as a whole. Also, remember to celebrate students’ successes, whether it’s a well-executed assignment or an insightful contribution to a discussion. Acknowledging achievements promotes a sense of accomplishment, keeps students motivated, and demonstrates that you care about their learning journey. Make your feedback personal. Make it meaningful. Make it memorable.

7. The Beauty of a Checklist

Checklists are an invaluable tool in online learning, helping to address one of the most common challenges: missed or misunderstood deadlines and expectations. A simple checklist can ensure that both students and instructors stay aligned and organized.

Consider using two approaches: First, include a checklist in the syllabus that students can easily reference or print. Focus on what students really care about—graded assignments and their due dates—so students can quickly grasp what’s most important. Second, post a weekly announcement outlining expectations for the upcoming week. This could include tasks for a specific module, upcoming deadlines, or anything else that helps clarify what’s expected. Regular reminders can reduce stress for both students and instructors, keeping everyone on track and cultivating a smoother learning experience.

8. Be Approachable and Available

In an online classroom, students may not have the same opportunities to ask questions as they would in a traditional classroom setting. Make yourself available for one-on-one communication through office hours, email, or virtual meetings. Being approachable and responsive helps students feel supported and valued, which can ultimately lead to better student outcomes.

Moreover, create opportunities for informal interactions, such as virtual coffee breaks or discussion rooms where students can chat about anything—not just coursework. These casual interactions can make students feel more connected to you and their peers, enhancing overall engagement. Don’t be afraid to share bits of your personality, your humor, and most importantly, your enthusiasm for learning.

Dr. McKenzie Vorpahl is a 2025 SUNY Online Teaching Ambassador and a SUNY Online Teaching Fellow in the Experienced Online Practitioner role.